Incinerator



United States Patent [72] inventor Kumakichi Sugano Tokyo-to, Japan [21] App]. No. 808,413

[22] Filed March 10, 1969 [45] Patented Oct. 20, 1970 [73] Assignee One half interest to Tomoyuki Okurnura Chiba-shi, Japan [54] INCINERATOR 5 Claims, 3 Drawing Figs.

52 u.s.c1 110/10, 110/56, 110/72 51 1111.01 F23g5/00 501 FieldofSearch 110/7,s, 10,56,72

Primary Examiner- Kenneth W. Sprague Attorney-Kenneth S. Goldfarb ABSTRACT: An incinerator comprising a furnace having inner and outer walls and partition means are provided between the inner and outer walls. Air preheating chambers are interposed between the partition means and the inner wall. Water chambers are formed by being encased by the partition means and the inner and outer walls, and a plurality of bores are provided in the inner wall of the air preheating chambers. Incineration of waste material is made while the air preheated in the air preheating chambers is being supplied into the interior of the incinerator through the bores and the inner wall is cooled by virtue of the water contained in the water chambers.

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P atented Oct. 20, 1970 3,534,693

Sheet 1 of 5 INVENT OR (UNA K/c/I/ SUGA/VO BY W ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 20, 1970 Sheet INVENTOR A fi/VKICH/ jug ya /W5 f{ A ORNEY Patented Oct. 20, 1970 Sheet '3 013 FIG. 3

INVENTOR u1fiA" JUGA W 5% ATTORNEY INCINERATOR This invention relates to an incinerator, and more particularly to an incinerator designed for the complete combustion of rubbish.

Huge quantities of waste material are produced every day by large cities and are generally disposed of by combustion. Waste material such as rubber, leather, chemical fibers and other substances produce a great deal of smoke when combusted, so that incineration of such rubbish in the midst of great cities is more than undesirable. Moreover, certain substances contain a high percentage of a carbon or sulfur component which remains in burned rubbish, and poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide are produced, to the detriment of public welfare.

It is, of course, possible to eliminate such smoke and poisonous gases generated by the combustion ofwaste materia] by providing a filter in a smoke passage in an incinerator, but such filters currently available are both costly and inefficient. Complete oxidation will best enable the elimination of such smoke and poisonous gases produced by the incineration of waste material. Combustion of any substance is accelerated by intensifying the oxidation of the substance and thus is greatly dependent on temperatures and amounts of oxygen supplied. Therefore, complete combustion of substances can be effected by applying higher heat and larger amounts of oxygen to the substances.

In conventional incinerators the air supplied by a blower is fed directly into a combustion chamber, with the resultant difficulty of raising the temperature of the combustion chambers. Even when this particular difficulty is overcome by supplying a greater amount of air, the inevitable result is that the walls of the combustion chamber deteriorated due to overheating. Complete combustion of waste material cannot therefore be expected in conventional incinerators.

It is the primary object of the present invention to provide an incinerator wherein waste material is completely oxidized so that the production of smoke or poisonous gases is cut down drastically.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an incinerator having a double wall structure including inner and outer walls in which air preheating chambers and water chambers are formed between the inner and outer walls.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an incinerator in which the air fed into the incinerating sections of the incinerator is preheated in the air preheating chambers and is then fed into the incinerating sections so that higher temperatures are insured for incineration.

Yet another object of the invention resides in the provision for an incinerator wherein the inner surface of the inner wall is cooled by virtue of the water contained in the water chambers so that the burning of the inner wall due to high temperatures is substantially reduced.

It is yet a further object of the invention to provide an incinerator wherein a plurality of holes are formed through the inner wall and the air preheated in the air preheating chambers is supplied to the incinerating sections through such holes.

A still further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an incinerator wherein the directions of the holes formed through the inner wall are appropriately selected so that a rotary draft and a downward draft are produced in the incinerating sections.

These, together with the various ancillary objects and features of this invention, which will become apparent as the following description proceeds, are attained by this incinerator, preferred embodiments of which have been illustrated in the accompanying drawing, by way of example only, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a combustion apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front vertical sectional view of the invention taken along the plane of line II-II in FIG. 1; and,

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional detail view taken along the planes of line III-III in FIG. I.

Referring now to the drawings, the reference numeral I0 generally designates a combustion chamber in an incinerator constructed according to the present invention, the combustion chamber including a horizontally elongated main combustion chamber II and a vertically elongated comple mentary combustion chamber l2. The main combustion chamber II is formed by being encased by brick laminated furnace board 13 and cast-steel furnace wall 14 mounted on the steps 13, and I3 of the furnace board 13 and is elongated longitudinally. Provided at the front edge of the steps 13, and 13 of the furnace board 13 and the furnace wall I4 is a frame 15, to which doors I6, and 16 are provided which may be opened by hinges l7, and 17 One end of bar 19 is pivotally supported by pin 18 secured to the door I6 the bar 19 being connected with both of the substantially Ushaped members 20, and 20 which is secured to the doors l6, and 16. are locked in a closed position. The furnace wall 14 is of a double structure consisting of an inner wall 21 and an outer wall 22. The inner wall 2i is arched in longitudinal section. On the external surface of the inner wall 21 an arched partition 23 is secured, which is of steel plate U-shaped in cross section. An opening (not shown) is made in the middle of the surface of the arched partition 23, the opening communicating with one end of the air channel pipe 24, which penetrates through the outer wall 22, the other end of pipe 24, extending outwardly. Outside the inner wall 21, nine partitions 25 and 26 of steel channel shaped or U-shaped in cross section are juxtaposed at intervals in a longitudinal direction. One end of each of the partitions 25 and 26 is closed, the other end thereof being secured at the side surface of the partition 23. That portion of the partition 23 to which said partitions 25 and 26 are secured is bored so that the partitions 25 and 26 and the partition 23 are interconnected. The space between the outer wall 22 and the inner wall 21 forms a cooling water jacket 27 and air preheating chambers 28 by means of the partitions 23, 25 and 26. The water chambers 27 are enclosed by the internal surface of the outer wall, the external surfaces of the partitions 23, 25 and 26, and the external surface of the inner wall 21. The air preheating chambers 28 are enclosed by the external surface of the inner wall 21 and the internal surfaces of the partitions 23, 25 and 26. A plurality of bores 29 are formed in the inner wall 21 corresponding to the air preheating chambers 28. The bores 29 are provided so as to be perpendicular to the inner wall 21 in the wall surface adjacent to the upper end of the inner wall 21, tilted toward the lower portion of the main combustion chamber ill in one wall surface spaced apart from said upper end, and tilted toward the upper portion of the main combustion chamber lll in the other wall surface. Formed at the tip of the air channel pipe 24, projecting from the upper portion of the outer wall 22 is flange 24 which is secured by rivets 32 to the flange 31 at the front end of branch pipe 31, of the air channel pipe 30 leading to a blower (not shown).

The complementary combustion chamber 12 is formed by a cylindrical furnace wall 33, which has an inner diameter analogous to a circular hold provided at the rear part of the upper portion of the furnace wall 14 and is provided perpendicularly on the furnace wall 14. The furnace wall 33 is of a double structure consisting of cast steel inner and outer walls 34 and 35, The circular partition 36 of a steel plate which is U- shaped in cross section is secured at part of the external surface of the inner wall 34. Perforation (not shown) is made in part of the vertical surface of the partition 36 communicating with one end of the air channel pipe 37, through the outer wall 35 and into the combustion chamber 12. Formed at the front end of the air channel pipe 37, is a flange 37 which is secured by means of rivets 38 to flange 31, at the front end of branch pipe 31 of the air channel pipe 30 which leads to the blower (not shown). Outside the inner wall 34, eight partitions 39 and 40 of a steel plate channel shaped or U-shaped in cross section are juxtaposed at intervals in a longitudinal direction. One end of each of the partitions 39 and 40 is closed, the other ends thereof being secured to the horizontal surface of the partition 36. That portion of the partition 36 to which the partitions 39 and 40 are secured is bored so that the partitions 39 and 40 and the partition 35 are interconnected. The space 41 between the outer wall 35 and the outer surfaces of partitions 39 and 40 and the inner wall 34 defines a water chamber. The air preheating chambers 42 are enclosed by the external surface of the inner wall 34 and the internal surfaces of the partitions 39 and 40. A plurality of bores 43 are formed in the inner wall 34 corresponding to the air preheating chambers 42, the bores 43 being formed so as to be tilted downwardly in the upper portion of the complementary combustion chamber 12 and at a certain angle with respect to the radius direction of the complementary combustion chamber 12 in the lower portion. The Smokestack 44 rising from the complementary combustion chamber 12 is formed at the upper end of the furnace wall 33.

The operation and function of the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in the attached drawings is described hereinafter. Water is stored in the water chambers 27 and 41, and thereafter waste material to be incinerated is charged into the main combustion chamber 11, which is then ignited. At first, since the interior of the combustion chamber is cold and ignition is made only to a lesser part of the chamber, there is low fire activity; thereafter, as the fire intensifies, black smoke starts appearing, and when the doors l6 and 16., are closed and the blower (not shown) is actuated. The draft made by the blower is fed into the air preheating chambers 28 through the air channel pipe 30, branch pipe 31 and air channel pipe 24,. The air fed into the air preheating chambers 28 is preheated by virtue of the combustion heat of waste material burned in the main combustion chamber 28, and is fed into the main combustion chamber ll through the through bores 29 as hot drafts. The bores 29, as described above, are positioned so as to be perpendicular to the inner wall 21 in a wall surface adjacent to the top portion of the outer wall 22, tilted toward the lower portion of the main combustion chamber 11 in one wall surface spaced apart from said top portion, and tilted toward the upper portion of the main combustion chamber 11 in the other wall surface, so that two drafts of hot air are generated in the main combustion chamber 11, one aimed directly at combustion material and the other revolving within the main combustion chamber 11. Accordingly, oxygen is supplied efficiently over the whole of the combustion material within the main combustion chamber 11 so that the combustion material is substantially oxidized. The combustion material, however, is not incinerated completely in the main combustion chamber 11 so that incompletely combusted drafts flow into the complementary combustion chamber 12. When an incompletely combusted draft passes through the complementary combustion chamber 12, the air from the blower (not shown) which is fed into the air preheating chambers 42 through the air channel pipe 30, branch pipe 31 and air channel pipe 37 is preheated in the air preheating chambers 42 and thereafter flows to the incompletely combusted draft within the complementary combustion chamber 12 through the bores 43 from the air preheating chamber 42. The incompletely combusted draft is recombusted therein, becoming completely oxidized and combusted. As described above, some of the bores 43 are directed toward the lower portion of the complementary combustion chamber and the others are provided at a certain angle with respect to the radius direction of the complementary combustion chamber 12, so that the heated drafts emitting from the bores 43 is divided into a draft directed toward the lower portion of the complementary combustion chamber 12 and a draft which revolves with the complementary combustion chamber, the former draft returning ashes and the like to the bottom of the furnace instead of elevating them through the smokestack 44, and the latter draft cleaning the internal surface of the inner wall 21.

As described hereinbefore, waste material charged into the incinerator is oxidized completely and clean transparent drafts free from poisonous gases and ashes are exhausted outside.

Combustion of a substance IS essentially a rapid process of oxidation wherein a solid or a liquid is temporarily reduced to a gas due to high temperatures and such gas reacts with oxygen in air, high temperatures and a supply of oxygen being the two requisites of combustion. Therefore, complete combustion is insured if a substance is subjected to a sufficiently high temperature with a sufficient supply of oxygen. However, the walls of a combustion chamber will be burned and its service life shortened if the temperature is raised to an excessive degree. it is more effective for combustion if the air supplied in this instance is hot rather than cold.

in the embodiment of the present invention, the cold air supplied by the blower (not shown) is fed into the air preheating chambers 28 and 42 and preheated therein, before being fed into the combustion chamber 10, so that a higher thermal efficiency is obtained. Also the water in the water chambers 27 and 41 is in direct contact with the external surfaces of the inner walls 21 and 34, so that the wall surfaces of the inner walls 21 and 34 are not heated to any excessive degree and thus have a longer service life even when the internal surfaces of the inner walls 21 and 34 are heated excessively.

Although it is not an object of the combustion apparatus according to the present invention to utilize heat due to incineration, it may easily be understood that quantities of hot water as well as vapor which are produced by the water for the cooling of the furnace walls through heat exchange can be utilized appropriately.

A latitude of modification, substitution and change is intended in the foregoing disclosure and in some instances, some features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the spirit and scope of the invention herein.

I claim:

1. An incinerator comprising a furnace portion having an inner wall defining a combustion chamber wall, partition means secured to said inner wall for forming a plurality of air preheating chambers, said inner wall having a plurality of bores therethrough communicating said preheating chambers with said combustion chamber, means for connecting said preheating chambers to a supply of air, and an outer wall at least partially surrounding said partition means and said inner wall to provide a cooling water jacket.

2. An incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said partition means include a plurality of annularly spaced channel shaped members.

3. An incinerator according to claim 2, whei'ein said channel shaped members extend longitudinally of said combustion chamber and are parallel to each other.

4. An incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said inner wall has a curvature at a predetermined radius, said bores extending radially.

5. An incinerator according to claim 1, including a complementary furnace portion extending normal to the first recited portion, said complementary furnace portion having inner wall means defining a complementary combustion chamber communicating with said first recited combustion chamber, complementary partition means secured to said inner wall means for forming a plurality of complementary air preheating chambers, and flange means communicating said complementary air preheating chambers with said first recited air preheating chambers, said inner wall means having bores therethrough communicating said complementary air preheating chambers with said complementary combustion chamber. 

